The Pulmonary Invalid in Colorado

Invalid Recipes

Invalid measurement validity.

Concurrence looks at how a measure relates to a gold standard. If, as frequently occurs, there isn’t one, the next best is the correlation with other established measures. This assumes that the latter are themselves valid, which may not be true, and risks stifling innovation, a source of concern if a paper is criticized on this ground. More straightforwardly, concurrence also means that a test ...

[university of Colorado at Colorado Springs,colorado Springs, Colorado]

Representing "Just Invalid" Knowledge

Data, information and knowledge are all represented in a single formalism as “items”. Items contain two types of acceptability measures that measure the invalidity of item instances. Objects are item building operators that also contain two types of acceptability measures. These acceptability measures define a graduated acceptability region for data, information and knowledge. This region repre...

the u.s. policy in central asia and its impact on the colored revolutions in the region (the case study of tulip revolution in kyrgyzstan)

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